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Chrysomya bezziana
''Chrysomya bezziana'', also known as the Old World screwworm fly or screwworm, is an obligate parasite of mammals. Obligate parasitic flies require a host to complete their development. Named to honor the Italian entomologist Mario Bezzi, this fly is widely distributed in Asia, tropical Africa, India, and Papua New Guinea. The adult can be identified as metallic green or blue with a yellow face and the larvae are smooth, lacking any obvious body processes except on the last segment.
The fly feeds on decaying organic matter, while the fly larvae feed on the living tissue of warm-blooded mammals as opposed to necrotic tissue that many other fly larvae feed on. Since the larvae can cause permanent tissue damage, ''C. bezziana'' has led to much public concern. Management procedures include both prevention of colonization of the fly and treatment of a current infestation. As of early 2009, little research was being conducted on the fly, as it is an unsuitable agent for maggot therapy (a medical procedure in which maggots are used to clean festering wounds) because the maggots aggressively burrow through living tissue. Recent publications of ''C. bezziana'' present medical case studies of the fly.
== Geographical distribution ==
''Chrysomya bezziana'' is widely distributed throughout tropical areas in the Old World. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, some countries in the Middle East, India, the Malay Peninsula, the Indonesian and Philippine Islands, and Papua New Guinea.〔Sutherst R.W., Spradbery J.P., & Maywald G.F. “The potential geographical distribution of the Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana.” Med. Vet. Entomol 1989; 3:273–280.〕 ''C. bezziana'' is not found at altitudes higher than 2500 meters above sea level.〔HA Central Committee on Infections. Fact Sheet on Chrysomya bezziana. Oct. 2002. Hospital Authority. Mar. 2009 .〕
In countries where ''Chrysomya bezziana'' does not exist, scientists and those in agriculture are worried that commercial flights, boats, or vehicles will distribute the fly. The climates ''C. bezziana'' thrives in are present in Australia and the Americas; the fly requires climates similar to its New World relative ''Cochliomyia hominivorax''.〔 Spread of the pest from Papua New Guinea to Australia has become a concern for Australia, as the presence of ''C. bezziana'' could cost livestock industries up to $500 million a year.〔"Pests of Animals: Screw-worm fly." Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Apr. 2007. Australian Government. Mar. 2009 .〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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